Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Bloom's Taxonomy of Education and its use in Nursing Education Research Paper
Bloom's Taxonomy of Education and its use in Nursing Education - Research Paper Example Krau has declared Bloom’s taxonomy as the keystone for achieving this target as it provides a framework for classification of objectives. This has increased the nurses understanding of the patient situation and has lead to a decrease in patient complications. Developed in 1956 and last revised in 2001, Bloom’s taxonomy remains one of the most universally applied models (C. Clark). For decades it has been used primarily for classifying learning outcomes. Originally it consisted of only cognitive domain, but subsequent revisions in 1972 and 1973 added the psychomotor and affective domains respectively. Cognitive domain is associated with knowledge and the development of intellectual skills (C. Clark). This domain can be divided into simpler and difficult behavioral objective categories. Each category denotes a degree of difficulty and the whole domain is structured like a ladder, each and every step needs to be bested before moving on. C. Clark indicates six categories of this domain. These are Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating and Creating. Affective domain centers on a nurse’s ability to handle different situations. According to D. Clark the domain deals with the targets feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasm and attitudes. C. Clark also classifies this domain into five categories. Receiving phenomena, Responding to phenomena, Valuing, Organizing values and Internalizing values. Finally the Psychomotor domain involves physical movement, coordination and use of motor skills (C. Clark). Practice makes these skills better which can be assessed by precision and execution of the technique. D. Clark mentions seven categories ranging from simple to complex behavior. These are Perception, Readiness to act, Guided response, Mechanism, Complex to over response, Adaptation and Origination. All the skills from any of the above domains can be applied to nursing
Monday, October 28, 2019
The Impacts of Poor Parental Responsibility on Future Criminality Essay Example for Free
The Impacts of Poor Parental Responsibility on Future Criminality Essay Introduction            Criminality is one of the most alarming social issues today. Despite efforts of the government and private organizations to minimize the occurrence of violence and offense, the statistics cease to decline. The age of offenders, on the contrary, continues to drop. (Asher 2006) reports that of the 9.6 million arrested by the FBI Uniform Crime Report in 2003, 16% were under the age of 18. Five percent barely reached 15 years of age. Studies have continuously pointed to many different causes and risk factors leading to juvenile offense and adult delinquency. Childhood factors, on the other hand, remains to be an essential point of many of these studies. One of these conditions in childhood is parenting.            Management of parental responsibilities and parenting styles differ significantly depending on the family structure and the societal conditions in which the family is in. As such, one parent’s reaction to a behavior manifested by a child may vary from another parent’s response. Likewise, factors surrounding a child can affect how he is going to respond to the actions and reactions of his parents. However, it is important to note that the child spends his formative years at home. This validates saying that management of parental responsibility affects the behavior of children, and can be a good indicator and intervention for a child’s risk for future criminality. Good and Bad Parenting            Parenting is a lifetime career, and it is a job that each parent should strive to be good at. When couples practice positive parenting, it shields their children from the likelihood of becoming a delinquent later in life. (Asher 2006) It is the parents, not the neighborhood, who establish the conditions at home. One, in fact, does not affect the other. (Thornberry and Hall 2005) These circumstances directly affect the growth of the children. (Eklund and af Klinteberg 2006) claims that poor parenting can lead to the development of antisocial behavior in children which they can carry to adulthood. (Huesmann 2002) agrees, saying that when a family is deprived of interaction and nurturing children are more prone to be aggressiveâ€â€a trait which may lead to criminality. Having two parents at home is not the sole requirement. The involvement of both parents to take on the roles of rearing the children and the relationship of the mother and the father with the children are equally important. (Eklund and af Klinteberg 2006) Both the mother and father or the figures playing these roles have different parenting perspectives that can shape their children. These perspectives should be agreed upon and communicated about, establishing a clear parenting system. The parenting system can be divided into three styles as formulated by Baumrind. The authoritarian parenting style puts control over the child and initiates a set of rules which the child should follow. Often, punishment is given if the child fails to abide by the rules. Authoritative, sometimes called equalitarian parenting, makes the child a part of the decision-making process. It exercises open communication with the child and sorts out circumstances before punishments, if applicable, are given. Permissive parenting, on the other hand, puts little control over the child and often lets the child decide for himself. (Parenting n.d.) (Smith 2004) claims that parenting styles may affect a teenager’s risk to be involved in deviant behavior and criminality. When parents neglect their children, impose harsh disciplinary measures, and create situations that lead to transitions in the family structure such as divorce or separation, the children are at a high risk of delinquency later in life. In a survey conducted to 39 parents of juvenile offenders, 46% were authoritarian, 29% were authoritative (equalitarian), and 25% were permissive. (Asher, 2006) This establishes a link in the likelihood of criminality among children who grew up in a controlling parenting style. This is not surprising because authoritarian parents have a hard time monitoring the activities of their children, who may not trust them with information of their activities for fear of rejection or being scolded. (Smith 2004) Permissive parenting, however, results in children who lack self control because they grew up in a family environment where little control is put over them. The best parenting style may be said to be the authoritative (equalitarian) parenting style which produces confident children with good social skills. (Parenting n.d.) But apart from parenting style, other factors may affect the risk of a child’s involvement in criminality. Linking Parental Responsibility and Delinquency            Even if parents practice authoritative parenting and strive to raise the perfect kids, several other aspects of the home can make or break a growing up child. Divorce, child abuse, exposure to substance abuse, religious orientation, and the family climate as a whole are family occurrences that may contribute to a child’s likelihood to be involved in crimes and offenses later in life. Divorce            Ideally, children should have a mother and a father, or persons who will take on the roles of the parents. When one parent is absent, it produces a family setting that differs from the standard, creating an environment for a child that deviates from the family setting that he knows and/or hears about. Children should grow up with a mother to nurture them and a father to support their emotional and social development. Without a father or a father figure, kids have a tendency to be aggressive, and lack patience and sense of responsibility. (Asher 2006)  (Thornberry et al 1999) claims that children whose families often go through transitions are more likely to be violent and be delinquents. A significant portion of the population studied in Rochester, Denver, and Pittsburgh also manifested drug use and abuse. The study showed that the more disruptions the family go through, the more likely the child is going to be delinquent later on. (Asher 2006) further proves this by quoting Chapman in saying that 53% of convicts grew up in homes without two-parent setups. Child Abuse and Maltreatment            Sometimes, it takes the rod to discipline a child; but using the rod too often may defeat the purpose and lead otherwise. When children are punished physically, they develop fear or much worse anger that leads to avoidance. (Parenting n.d.)           Parents may go out of control and unconsciously abuse the children physically, and raise criminals without knowing it.            Sixty eight percent of juvenile delinquents have been abused or neglected in their childhood. What the parents of these teenagers never knew is that child abuse increases a child’s risk to become a criminal later in life by as much as 40%. Exposure to violence can lead a child to become violent to others himself, as violence and aggression is learned early in life. This may later on result in offenses and criminality. (Love our Children USA 2005) In fact, in a study of 388 white males in Idaho, (Heck and Walsh 2000) proved that maltreatment in children accounted for the likelihood of violent delinquencies later on. (Huesmann 2002) agrees, saying that children who are rejected by their parents and received harsh punishments grow up aggressive, putting them at a high risk of being arrested when they grow up. Exposure to Substance Abuse            A study developed by (Eklund and af Klinteberg 2006) proved that alcohol abuse at home contributed as a major factor for persistent criminality in children. The study also showed that children reared in households where there is alcohol abuse had a tendency to abuse alcohol themselves. Today, alcohol is not the only culprit that parents should watch for. Variations of illegal drugs and drug alternatives are also widely available, and the children will most likely be exposed to them especially when parents abuse them. This becomes a risk factor for them to have violent behavior and to get involved in criminal activities at the worst. Religious Orientation            It is a challenge to every couple to raise their children in an environment that believes in a supreme being, no matter what sect or religion the couple belongs to. This proves to be a protective factor for children, defending them from becoming delinquents later in life. Parents who attended church more when their children were at their formative years, which is before the age of eight, had little or no problems with their children becoming arrested or convicted. They also find it easier to communicate with their children and discuss problems, a factor that helps the children be expressive and avoids them from having violent tendencies and committing offenses. (Huesmann 2002) Family Climate            The condition of the family as a whole can be a major indicator of later delinquency in children. According to (McCord 1991), couples should properly manage maternal competence, paternal interaction, and family expectations as these can be directly linked to juvenile delinquency. The poorer these factors were managed, the more likely delinquency can occur.            Mothers should be able to handle the household and manage it with authority yet compassion. Fathers should have more interaction with the other members of the family, especially with the children, instead of becoming the quiet stereotype that old media has portrayed the paternal role. Family expectations should be moderatedâ€â€not too high and strict nor too low and permissiveâ€â€so that the children can grow up goal oriented. In a study, only 5% of boys raised in this ideal family setting were involved in criminality, while 47% of those who grew up under the contrary circumstances became delinquents. (McCord 1991) Parental Responsibilities and Liabilities            The parents’ role in rearing their children does not stop when the children leave the house. Unless the children are more than 18 years of age, parents are held responsible in supervising them. Education is one of the most sensitive responsibilities that parents have over their children, as parents are tasked to ensure that their children go to school until the age of 16. Likewise, parents are held liable when children go astray and make offenses towards other people and the law. (Governor’s Crime Commission 2000)            Juvenile delinquency does not only affect the well-being of the child but the parents as well. As parents, they are responsible in attending the hearings and make efforts in speaking with the attorney and the judge to be informed about the development of the case. Parents may also be asked by victims to be responsible and pay for the damages caused by their children. (Governor’s Crime Commission 2000) In certain instances, parents may also have to accomplish community service sentences with their children, attend seminars to improve parental responsibility, or worse lose custody of their children when the court finds that they cannot responsibly handle them. (Colorado Judicial Branch 2001)            To avoid such inconveniences, it is wise for parents to take charge of the children. The younger the children are disciplined, the less likely that they will develop problems with delinquency and criminality when they grow older. Even before the children enter school, parents should start educating themselves and accessing training programs that will help them be responsible parents. They should learn how to detect problems and solve them proactively, and promote openness of communication with their children to lessen the risk of future criminality. Discussion            Rearing children can be a difficult task, and a sensitive one at that. A child’s experiences in his early age can greatly affect his perception of life, of people, and of the society. Therefore, it is important that parents or people taking on the role of parents be attentive enough to the emotional, social, psychological, and physiological needs of the children they are raising.            Parenting can be any of three styles, and it is dependent on the parents and the background of the family to choose which style works best for them. However, studies have repeatedly proven that authoritative, otherwise known as equalitarian parenting, is the style that gets the best results. As it is a positive parenting approach and involves the children in the process of parenting and decision making, this style opens the communication lines between the parents and the child, making the child more comfortable to interact with them. This contradicts authoritarian parenting which assumes full control of the child, creating hostility between the parents and the child. On the other hand, authoritative (equalitarian) parenting corrects the improper management and imposition of discipline carried out with permissive parenting. The choice of parenting style, though, is not enough. Parents should also take care of their choices, which affect the occurrences at home. Divorce, child abuse and maltreatment, substance abuse, religious orientation, and the family climate are other indicators of good parenting.            While divorce is a choice for the couples to make, couples should consider the effects of the separation to their children. The same intervention applies especially if new people will be involved in the relationship after the divorce. The preparedness of the children in accepting the family transition can spell the impact for them in the future. Child abuse and maltreatment should also be avoided, and induction of punishment should be put under control as this exposes the child to violence and other psychological effects that can lead him to be violent as well when he becomes an adult. Substance abuse in parents can also greatly affect substance abuse among children; and even if parents do not abuse drugs or alcohol their perception and management of these issues among their children can pretty much put a certain level of control over the children’s choice to abuse substances later on. Religious orientation and family climate should also be as positive as possible, to help raise kids that are not prone to delinquency.            Parents are responsible for their children until they reach the age of 18. Thus, it is important that parents impose discipline among their children and prevent future criminality. Conclusion            The statistics of crime rates and criminals are on the rise, and a good starting point in curtailing the growth of the statistics can be found at home. Poor parenting puts children at risk to becoming criminals. In effect, if parents observe good parenting practices and manage the growth of their children properly, there is less chance for their children to become delinquents, and more chance in raising productive members of the society.   References Asher, J. â€Å"Exploring the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Juvenile Delinquency.†2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?miami1165594171 (27 April 2007) Colorado Judicial Branch. â€Å"Answers to Your Questions About Juvenile Delinquency.†2001. http://www.courts.state.co.us/exec/pubed/brochures/juvenile.pdf (2 May 2007) Eklund, J. and af Klinteberg, B. â€Å"Stability of and Change in Criminal Behavior: A Prospective Study of Young Male Lawbreakers and Controls.†2006. http://www.iafmhs.org/files/Eklundspring06.pdf (27 April 2007) Governor’s Crime Commission. â€Å"You and the Juvenile Justice System: A Guide for Youths, Parents, and Victims.†2000. http://www.doa.state.nc.us/yaio/documents/justice.pdf (2 May 2007) Heck, C. and Walsh, A. â€Å"The Effects of Maltreatment and Family Structure on Minor and Serious Delinquency.†2000. http://www.sagepub.com/martin/Heck.pdf (27 April 2007) Huesmann, L. R. â€Å"Childhood Predictors of Adult Criminality: Are All Risk Factors Reflected in Childhood Aggressiveness?†2002. http://www.andrews.edu/~rbailey/Chapter%2016/10133509.pdf (27 April 2007) Love our Children USA. â€Å"Teen Violence Prevention.†2005. http://www.loveourchildrenusa.org/parent_preventteenviolence.php (27 April 2007) McCord, J. â€Å"Family Relationships, Juvenile Delinquency, and Adult Criminality.†1991.  http://courses.missouristate.edu/KarlKunkel/SOC540/mccord.pdf (27 April 2007) Parenting. â€Å"Parenting.†N.d. www.radford.edu/~dhall/parenting.ppt (27 April 2007) Smith, D. â€Å"Parenting and Delinquency at Ages 12 to 15.†2004. http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest3.pdf (27 April 2007) Thornberry, T. and Hall, G. â€Å"The Joint Impact of Family and Community Structure on Violent Delinquency.†2005. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/215999.pdf (27 April 2007) Thornberry, T. et al. â€Å"Family Disruption and Delinquency.†1999. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/178285.pdf (27 April 2007)
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Mel Gibsons The Passion of the Christ Essay -- Reflective The Passion
The Passion of the Christ - The Pathetic Appeal of the Death of Jesus In February 2004, one day after the release of The Passion of the Christ, my girlfriend and I took our seats in the crowded theatre. I came into the night prepared to watch the death of Jesus Christ. However, I had no idea that I would actually be watching the death of Jesus Christ. For ten or more years prior to this night, I had always been told that Jesus had died on a cross for my sins. My parents, my Sunday school teachers, my friends’ parents, and my extended family had, at some time in my youth, told me the story of Jesus from the Gospels of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John). From the moment I matured enough to understand these stories, I had believed Jesus â€Å"died and rose again†just for me. I took this belief and put it in my dresser drawer so that I could return to use it again in my adult life. As we all know, things do not happen the way we plan. The lights in the theatre faded into a nervous darkness, and scripture, from the Bible that I knew so well, lit up the screen. â€Å"But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities . . . Isaiah 53:5.†This was no surprise to me. I had been taught this all my life. Jesus died for me. The movie progressed with Jesus being arrested and sentenced to death. Then, I was punched in the gut with a new perspective of this story. The Roman guards stripped Jesus of his clothes and whipped him several times in an extremely bloody and intense scene. This man’s flesh was ripped off his back and flung into the crowd. It was absolutely disgusting, but it was absolutely effective. Up until this point, Jesus had just been a dignified man who had saved me from my sins. Now he was a beaten and broken man who suffered the most excruciating pain to save me from my sins. I never had a visual image in my mind that showed me what Jesus had gone through for me until this movie. And even though it is just a movie, it painted a picture for me that changed my views about Jesus Christ. He wasn’t the guy in my dresser drawer anymore; he was my Savior. This change of view spawned from the use of rhetoric. The pathetic appeals that the director, Mel Gibson, used were very effective. The images he created on the screen led many people to tears. Almost everyone turned their head away in as... ...something that is wrong. This fear can be a good thing when it comes to talking with other people about their religions, but it can also be a bad thing because it’s harder to trust the most trustworthy people. Discovering rhetoric this semester has changed my view that I can believe the claims of those people I trust. Now I have to convince myself that these people I trust are not trying to lead me astray even if they are using a rhetorical appeal. Most of them probably don’t even know they are using rhetorical appeals. I am not yet sure if I like this revision of myself. It has definitely proved helpful when reading texts for other classes because it separates learning from believing. I can learn something and not necessarily believe it unless I think it’s the truth, as opposed to believing everything I learn like I have done in the past. However, this new understanding of rhetoric has caused me to question everyone. Eventually, something will come along and convince me that questioning everyone is a good thing or an evil thing. One of these opposing views will dominate the other one, but until then, I will have to wait for the appeals of rhetoric to lead me to what is â€Å"right.â€
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Cloning in our World :: science
Cloning in our World One of the latest advancements in technology is that of cloning. Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. In general, cloning is used in three contexts. First is using specialized DNA technology to produce multiple, exact copies of a single gene or other segment of DNA. This process is called cloning DNA. A second type of cloning exploits the natural process of cell division to make many copies of an entire cell. A third type of cloning produces complete, genetically identical animals such as the famous Scottish sheep, Dolly. The majority of people in America believe that cloning is unethical due to some moral issues. Others are afraid that cloning could me misused by governments and corporations creating clones to serve as slaves or soldiers to fight endless wars. I think that fear is the main argument against human cloning due to the fact that this is a newer branch in science and people are not very educated with the core concept of cloning. I believe that cloning is acceptable only if it is for the right reasons. My opinion is cloning should be allowed due to the countless possibilities we could gain in the health care field and human well being. For years, researchers have been working on finding a way to cure genetic diseases and save lives by cloning genes and organs. I think that these medical advancements are very beneficial for human kind in general. I totally disagree with people who say that God made some of us different and we should not try to change them. It is like saying that people who g ot sick after they were born should not seek medical help because God wanted them to get sick and they should just lie down and die. I say that if it is for the better of that person and if it is going to help them lead a normal life then let them do it. Even though I think that cloning genes and organs for medical purposes is acceptable, I think that cloning of humans is wrong. One of the biggest reasons why I am against human cloning is the health issue. I also think that it would be wrong if the government cloned people just to make them perfect and superior or to take control over the humanity as they did in the book Brave New World. Cloning in our World :: science Cloning in our World One of the latest advancements in technology is that of cloning. Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. In general, cloning is used in three contexts. First is using specialized DNA technology to produce multiple, exact copies of a single gene or other segment of DNA. This process is called cloning DNA. A second type of cloning exploits the natural process of cell division to make many copies of an entire cell. A third type of cloning produces complete, genetically identical animals such as the famous Scottish sheep, Dolly. The majority of people in America believe that cloning is unethical due to some moral issues. Others are afraid that cloning could me misused by governments and corporations creating clones to serve as slaves or soldiers to fight endless wars. I think that fear is the main argument against human cloning due to the fact that this is a newer branch in science and people are not very educated with the core concept of cloning. I believe that cloning is acceptable only if it is for the right reasons. My opinion is cloning should be allowed due to the countless possibilities we could gain in the health care field and human well being. For years, researchers have been working on finding a way to cure genetic diseases and save lives by cloning genes and organs. I think that these medical advancements are very beneficial for human kind in general. I totally disagree with people who say that God made some of us different and we should not try to change them. It is like saying that people who g ot sick after they were born should not seek medical help because God wanted them to get sick and they should just lie down and die. I say that if it is for the better of that person and if it is going to help them lead a normal life then let them do it. Even though I think that cloning genes and organs for medical purposes is acceptable, I think that cloning of humans is wrong. One of the biggest reasons why I am against human cloning is the health issue. I also think that it would be wrong if the government cloned people just to make them perfect and superior or to take control over the humanity as they did in the book Brave New World.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Blood Diamonds
Edwin Lopez Ms. Korbelack English 121 13 November 2012 â€Å"Blood†Diamonds in Africa â€Å"In Sierra Leone, more than 10,000 people have suffered amputation because of the diamond trade, which has become a trademark atrocity for the rebels†. Unfortunately, Ibrahim Fofana, a diamond miner, shared a similar fate to the thousands that suffered brutal amputations from the Rebels. Ibrahim Fofana is like many of the miners who are forced to work long brutal hours in diamond mines. And according to UK Channel 5 â€Å"The True Story†Documentary Series, â€Å"In April 1998 the RUF attacked his village.Rebels confronted his neighbor demanding diamonds, when he said he had none he was shot and killed. A different fate awaited Ibrahim, they chopped his hands off. †Diamonds are known to contain such an essential significance in which we take part of in our everyday lives. From fashion statements to wedding rings, diamonds have been in the competitive trading busine ss for years and the demand will continue to grow as long as our society greatly cherishes them. Diamonds are one of the most solicit natural resources available, but unfortunately, the origins of these diamonds are not as pleasant as the diamonds themselves.Unethical diamond businesses are adding fire to the already heated Africa, and it needs to stop. The high demands for diamonds outside of Africa are primarily the reason these different civil wars have been created, and should be thwarted. When there is a lack of enforcement, control, and basic human rights, action needs to be taken to prevent corrupt business trades and future bloodshed. In times of a civil war being fueled by the â€Å"blood†diamonds, Africa is in desperate need of laws and enforcement.Enforcing laws and regulations will prevent a majority of murders and give more security to the people suffering from the rebel’s brutal attacks. According to the United Nations, â€Å"On 1 December 2000, the Uni ted Nations General Assembly adopted, unanimously, a resolution on the role of diamonds in fuelling conflict, breaking the link between the illicit transaction of rough diamonds and armed conflict, as a contribution to prevention and settlement of conflicts. †To thwart these unauthorized black-market sales, the government has to get involved and needs to enforce strict laws punishing these felonies.Also, in other words of the United Nation, â€Å"Governments, inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, diamond traders, financial institutions, arms manufacturers, social and educational institutions and other civil society players need to combine their efforts, demand the strict enforcement of sanctions and encourage real peace. †Getting all of these key players on the same page will greatly affect the changes of the unethical business, which is known to fund the rebel’s weapons. Although some laws have been placed that undermine some black-market trad es, governments are not doing enough to stop them.There is minimum enforcement, which enables the rebels to freely control the helpless people to work for them. Different parts of the African government should enforce laws in the creation of contracts that encourages legal diamond trades, which would greatly minimize the demand for rebels to try and sell diamonds illegally. To elucidate on the point of a government’s need to enforce diamond trade laws, a brief article from the New Internationalist states, â€Å"Ottawa MP Paul Dewar is working to pass the Trade in Conflict Minerals Act' (Bill C-571).But even if the bill is eventually passed, says Nutt, there will be no way to enforce it. She believes both the government and cell phone producers need to take the initiative. †Furthermore, the profits from illegal diamond trading pays for the rebel’s weapons, which must be thwarted to prevent future civil wars from breaking out. In most parts of Africa, black-marke t sales of blood diamonds are the fuel to a civil war’s fire. In terms of profit, rebels use the money from diamonds to buy more weapons and they use them to brutally murder the innocent.In the words of Barak Richman, professor of law at Duke University, Durham, N. C, â€Å"The profits from the â€Å"blood†or â€Å"conflict†diamond trade–a small but significant fraction of the world market–have been used to finance dictatorial regimes and terrorist organizations†. This elucidates the idea that black market trading rarely benefits the economic status but different corrupt organizations. Businesses should find a way to properly trade legal diamonds, while benefiting the country’s economic system. Although the natural resources in some parts of Africa are rich, the people are extremely poor.In other words, Richman also states, â€Å"The great irony of this, and what concerns the industry most, is that the item is being sold as a part of a romantic, everlasting, and pure relationship, but there are a lot of ugly shadows that have contributed to the industry's success. †Industries must end their contribution to the blood diamonds that fuel this nation’s civil wars. In addition to all the corruption in business and government regulation in Africa, the abominable crimes and inhumane conditions of labor workers in the mines need to end.With the high demand in diamonds, Rebels used this to their advantage and decided to treat the innocent Africans as their slave worker. According to the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state, â€Å"No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. †The unethical business decisions being made with other countries need to end because they are a major cause to these violations of huma n rights.These violations deal with innocent people being murdered and arms being amputated for the demand of diamonds. Everyday people live in fear of a rebel attacking their village for their diamonds. If the major diamond corporations would begin to create proper contracts with professional diamond mining industries that hire proper employees, rebels would not have the great demand to force slaves into labor. But most businesses decide to go with the unethical, cheaper option of illegally buying blood diamonds.Although businesses benefit from the illegal diamond trade, the government must take action to express the pain the African people are going through. In terms of the opposing view, diamond corporations would argue that the African economy is benefited with the profits that the industries offer them. Diamonds also benefit Africa in terms of using the profit to generate different beneficial organizations and schools. According to the organization that run the website, Diamond facts. org, they have proven that â€Å"Diamond revenues enable every child in Botswana to receive free education up to the age of 13. This is greatly beneficial to the African society because there is a lack of education and schools in many parts of Africa. The amount of money diamond sales bring in would benefit the children of Africa and provide hope for the future. Also stated in Diamondfacts. org, â€Å"Approximately $8. 5 billion worth of diamonds a year come from African countries†which elucidates the fact that a large amount of money can be made. Also, â€Å"an estimated 5 million people have access to appropriate healthcare globally thanks to revenues from diamonds†The amount of money that is created from the diamonds is enormous, but can also benefit the global economy positively. Which would lead the opposing view to adamantly state that the diamond business in Africa is much needed. It would also give them reason to say that diamonds give the people of Af rica a chance to be employed because this would create many more jobs and raise the overall employment. The education system would also improve in terms of the profits earned would open schools. In Botswana, because of diamond revenue, the children are able to go to school for free.Is this enough to say that the benefits overcome the negative affects? With an economic point of view, one must not make a fallacy of composition on such a crucial topic with lives at stake. One cannot compare the benefits of a small percentage of the African people and expect it to work on every other country. Innocent lives have been brutally taken and blood has shed because of this great demand in diamonds. To disprove that the money brought in by diamonds is mostly beneficial to the African economy, the Unisol Organization states, â€Å"approximately $125 million worth of rough diamonds were bought by just Europe.This means that this staggering amount of money went to fund the RUF who killed thousand s of people during the civil war in Sierra Leone. †These numbers prove that the money not only goes towards building school and creating jobs, but it fuels a civil war with weapon that are paid with using the money earned in diamond trading. Assuming that the diamond trade will mostly benefit the economy is incorrect because a big chunk of it is not reported to the government but to the rebels fighting the civil war.In other words of the United Nation organization, â€Å"Neighboring and other countries can be used as trading and transit grounds for illicit diamonds. Once diamonds are brought to market, their origin is difficult to trace and once polished, they can no longer be identified. †This elucidates the fact that diamonds can easily be traded in the black-market without a trace. The money does not touch the government and the people are not benefited. In the final analysis of the blood diamond markets, it can be concluded that the money earned by a majority of t he diamonds traded are not directly benefiting the African economy.A fallacy of composition must be avoided when the government thinks that a small success in some parts of a more controlled territory will work in most parts of Africa. There are many organizations fighting to create hope for the people who have been affected in this diamond fueled civil war. The United Nations plays a big part in helping the restoration of human rights, but they cannot do it alone. A major organization, Hands For Africa, is fighting to protect the people and their basic human rights. In their words, â€Å"What we can do together?With one million signatures we can push Congress to put pressure on the international diamond trade. The United States is the premier retail market for diamonds; it has the clout to force a cleanup. Major diamond trading companies seem determined to turn a blind eye. The United States must force that eye open. You can be part of this amazing movement! †With your help , we can enlighten our society of these appalling stories and can provide the basic necessities that the people of Africa need to survive this horrid civil war. We need you to gather a small community and tell them about the crisis that is happening over blood diamonds.We are responsible as a society because we cherish and demand the diamonds as a fashion statement. The slave workers of Africa need justice. No human being deserves this gruesome fate. Works Cited Ritchie, Joshua. â€Å"Connect With Us. † MintLife Blog. Mint. com, 2 Sept. 2009. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. mint. com/blog/investing/the-history-of-the-diamond-trade/;. Stephen. â€Å"Blood Diamonds. † , African Conflict. Names. co. uk, 14 Aug. 2012. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. mymultiplesclerosis. co. uk/interesting-documentary/blood-diamonds. html;. United Nations â€Å"Conflict Diamonds. † UN News Center.UN, 21 Mar. 2001. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. un. org/peace/africa/Diamond. html;. â€Å"Diamonds worth their weight in blood. † USA Today [Magazine] Jan. 2007: 8+. Academic OneFile. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. ;http://go. galegroup. com. libproxy. howardcc. edu/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA157655613;v=2. 1;u=colu91149;it=r;p=AONE;sw =w;. â€Å"Coltan mining fuels Congo violence. † New Internationalist Mar. 2011: 57. Academic OneFile. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. ;http://go. galegroup. com. libproxy. howardcc. edu/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA253866943;v=2. 1;u=colu91149;it=r;p=AONE;sw=w;. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UDHR, Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights Declaration, Human Rights Charter, The Un and Human Rights. â€Å"UN News Center. United Nations, n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. . United Nations, . â€Å"Human Rights, United Nations, International Laws UNIOSIL . † Human Rights, United Nations, International Laws UNIOSIL . n. page. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. . The World Diamond Council, . n. page. Print. . Blood Diamonds Autry 1 Mary Prof. W. Jaye English 102-603 Movie Evaluation 2 March 2013 Blood Diamonds Blood Diamonds explores the underground world of the diamond trade in Sierra Leone, where rare diamonds are used to fund military rebels at war. The film is based on Archer, a man with a survival instinct and a passion for collecting conflict diamonds. Archer finds himself involved with Solomon, a fisherman who was kidnapped and forced into slavery. Solomon was forced to work in the diamond mining fields under the command of a cruel fearless leader named Captain Poisen.When Captain Poison captures all of these innocent people, many men, women, and children were separated from their families and normal lives. The rebel group that captured Solomon and his family was called the Revolutionary United Front (RUF)(Blood Diamonds). The RUF used the diamonds they forced their slaves to mine to support their war, they would trade the blood diamonds for guns and armed weapons. While Solomon slaved away worki ng for the terrible RUF, in the diamond fields, Solomon found a pink diamond.Solomon takes a quick look around and decides to ask if he may go to the restroom. After being searched heavily Solomon runs of into the wood and stashes the diamond deep in the ground. Solomon already scared for him and his family's lives, doesn't know that Captain Poison spotted him stealing. As soon as Captain Poison attempts to find the diamond that Solomon hid they were attacked by government troops. Both Solomon and Captain Poison were taken as prisoners. Around the same time this was taking place, Danny Archer was also taken as a prisoner.When Captain Poison arrive at the prison and sees Solomon he begins screamed about the large diamond so everyone can hear, Poison even offers other prisoners amounts of money to kills Solomon right where he stood. Autry 2 After Archers' release he arranges help getting Solomon out of the prison because of Archers' interest in the large diamond. Blood Diamonds,shows that Archer now has discovered from his childhood to not that the conflict diamonds are the reasoning behind the war. Later a convoy is attacked and the remaining news teams are killed, while Archer, Solomon and Bowen escape from the scene.Solomon runs into Colonel Coetzee, a man who also wants the diamond and later almost kills Solomon and Archer for it. There is a plane coming to pick them up now, but Archer is hit by a gun and is slowly losing blood and ends up getting left. Solomon escapes Africa, and travels to London with the help of Bowen. She helps Solomon trade the diamonds so he can reunite with his family once again. Danny finally realizes his faults in his inner self when it's too late. Danny knew all along in his heart that smuggling was illegal and wrong, but ignored his heart and chased that dream anyway.In the end, Danny gets shot and lies in horrible pain. He then realizes that it was all because of him contributing in the diamond smuggling. Danny did manage to rega in his salvation when he handed Solomon the diamond and told Solomon and his son to leave him there to die, so that they could escape with the diamond together. Although the movie is covered with violence, it holds the viewers attention. This makes the viewer feel like they are walking in the shoes of the characters within the film. When viewing this film, it really opened my eyes to real life situations and events that child slaves must face on a daily basis.It’s hard to place yourself in the perspective of the poor children being forced to work and even killed. It makes the viewer realize how lucky they are to live within a democracy, were they can freely speak for themselves and they decide of what is right and what is wrong. It forces the viewer to acknowledge slavery, instead of just neglecting it completely like I realized I have done for so long. When you view Blood Diamond, it has an effect on you as soon as you see the brutal ways in which children are treated.This m ovie would be a great educational piece to show to anyone viewing something that has more of a meaning and realism. Blood Diamonds,has tons of historical significance because of being based on a true story about African Blood diamonds, the movies shows so much that Autry 3 goes on. Blood Diamonds,was for the most part accurate but not entirely. In Blood Diamonds, the documentary showed how not only men had a hard time, but also women, and children(A;E Television Networks). It showed how women were raped for no reason, how their was no justice for the women who ad been rapped (A;E Television Networks). After the men would leave they were killed, so the women couldn't emotional heal. As much as I learned and like the movie, Blood Diamonds, I feel they should have used more of a storyline telling something about what others went through as well, especially the women. Autry 4 Works Cited Zwick, Edward, Dir. Blood Diamond. Perf. Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Connelly, and Djimon Hounsou. W arner Bros. Pictures, 2006. lood Diamonds. The History Channel. A&E Television Networks, 2006.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Essay on The most Beautiful Day of My Life Essays
Essay on The most Beautiful Day of My Life Essays Essay on The most Beautiful Day of My Life Essay Essay on The most Beautiful Day of My Life Essay Essay Topic: Life Is Beautiful I stepped out of the hotel, the big bright sun was upon us like bees with their honey. It was around 4 oclock in the evening and I was already tired. The teachers were explaining how the hike today was going to be the hardest. Listing to them, there was a bit of regret that started building from the pit of my stomach. What if I went to Strasbourg? Would it be easier? While my series of thoughts were flashing in my mind, I opened my black bag once again to check if I had brought everything that I needed. I was mentally checking my packing list as pools of students started filling outside the hotel. Ms. Shippey finally got our attention, she informed us that there is a 10-minute walk to Stromboli. I groaned internally and thought, â€Å"why couldnt we take a minibus or something!†. After the longest 10 minutes walk, my shirt had a big stain of sweat on the back, my forehead was dripping from sweat as if I decided to dump my entire water bottle on my head. I started to feel sticky, a great way to start a hike! We meet up with two tall men, wearing the same gear and with a pair of black hiking poles each. They were our guides, they talked to us about ways they were going to explain the geography of Stromboli. They were also strict that about every 25 minutes we would have a break, not before and not after. Listing to them at first made me feel at ease, but what came next is what causes the real shock. 5 minutes into the hike, I was done for. My legs started to feel like they weighed 1000 tons each and my throat was dry as the Sahara no matter how much water I drink. The hot sun was like my shadow, and sweat was like my second skin. I really started to regret coming to Sicily. My friends were walking ahead of me creating a cloud of ash behind them. The air quickly turned to be thick. I couldnt breathe from my nose anymore, it felt like I had stapled my nose about 100 times, no space for the oxygen to get in. I started breathing from the mouth, but it as useful as a white color pencil. 2 hours into the hike and I could finally breathe. We were about 500 meters up, the rocks now have changed. There were all shapes of rocks scattered everywhere, they had a pigmentation of either black or dark brown. The way to walk up was narrow, and every time I walked up a narrow lane I would hold my breath and pray to god that I survive. After about 2 hours we were finally on top of Stromboli. My skin now had a second layer of goosebumps, I hugged myself as I make my way up to the final destination. The hike already seemed to be worth it. The sun was still out, but this time it gave me warmth. The blue ocean was in the background, it looked so calm, almost making it dangerous. The sky was painted a baby blue and accompanying them were birds; spreading their wings and flying away. We were standing at a point where everything looked like a Picasso painting. The teachers asked us to hurry up, Mr. Ashworth said, â€Å"This is not even the best part yet!†A small walk and we were finally on top, looking down, we can see a beautiful cone made up of a dark brown rock; the volcano itself. Next to the volcano were two craters; they were like mini volcanoes. I was about to sit down, but a sound almost like a thunder stopped me. I looked towards the big volcanoes and the next thing I see is hot, red lava sprinkling out of the volcano, it looked like Jet dEau back home except it wasnt water, it was lava. After that eruption followed a numerous amount of others. The volcanoes were magical, seeing the eruptions felt like going to Disneyland for the first time when you were a kid. The volcanoes were surrounded by the still water and directly above is the light of a dazzling sun. I sat down on the thick layer of ash, that was warm due to the eruptions. All my regrets were gone, I felt like someone who went to a concert of their favorite band or singer. After a few more eruptions, there was a thick white gas that was making it way upon us. We all started coughing, the gas-filled my lungs trying to be the replica of oxygen. Soon we were given masks and it got much better. After spending an hour upon Stromboli, we were making our way down. The guides had asked us to wear our gaiters and they informed us that the hike down was going to be easy. I instantly fell into a peaceful state. We were going straight down digging our legs into the thick layer of brownish ash. We looked like kangaroos skipping and jumping our way down. The ash was like a mixture of sand and burnt paper mixed together. We quickly made our way down, sometimes taking a break to clear our hiking boots from volcanic ash. Today was the most beautiful day of my life, it was magical and surreal. Even though the volcanoes looked like mountains with no vegetation on them, they were still beautiful. They belonged there and so did everything surrounding. What I realized because of this hike is that I am never going to regret this hike.
Monday, October 21, 2019
The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance The WritePass Journal
The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance 1 Introduction The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance 1 Introduction3.Semi-structured Interviews4 Research Sample4.1 Rationale for selection criteria4.2 Administration of the Research4.3  Research Setting 5. Research Analysis6. Concluding PointsRelated 1 Introduction This study aims to assess the impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance as perceived by respondents drawn from pilots currently flying these aircraft. The objective of this study include the identification of: i) pilots perceptions regarding the effect of glass cockpits on their performance; ii) the safety aspects derived from these perceptions; iii) the effect of pilot performance on aircraft safety; iv) the human factors affected by glass cockpits; v) the migration by airlines and manufacturers to glass cockpits; and vi) the human performance perspective of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of glass cockpits. Chapters one and two introduced existing literature and previous research undertaken in relation to the impact of glass cockpits on pilot performance with a particular focus on the aforementioned objectives. This methodology chapter explains each stage of the research, data collection and analysis undertaken in conducting the research. 2 Qualitative Research When undertaking research, there are two main research possibilities – quantitative and qualitative. Louis (1981) describes them as both excellent ways of tackling research effectively. He distinguishes between the two by naming quantitative as â€Å"inquiry from the outside†and qualitative as â€Å"inquiry from the inside†. By this, Louis is referring to the researchers involvement and immersion within the data collection – the â€Å"inside†approach involves the researcher more, often leaving a potential hazard of bias. Whereas the â€Å"outside†approach enables the researcher to isolate the phenomenon of bias because of the lack of feedback associated with quantitative research. Qualitative research is often used as â€Å"a form of systematic empirical inquiry into meaning†(Shank, 2002, p. 5) – it is useful for those wishing to complete research in a methodical, ordered and planned way. Authors (Bryman et al 1988; Punch, 1998; Maykut and Morehouse, 1994) all describe qualitative research as a valued method of collecting a bettered, in-depth range of data. However, with the advantage of enriched data comes the disadvantage of researcher bias. As qualitative research was chosen, the researcher had to identify and accept that certain areas of the data collection would be open to bias, either value or objective (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). Referring to Johnson (1994), â€Å"the selection of the research method is a crucial element in the planning of an investigation†(p.174). Johnson also suggests that using a variety of research methods is beneficial to gaining an adequate understanding of the objective results – as suggested in my research proposal. However, it became evident that my access to the great number of â€Å"glass-cockpit-flying pilots†needed to complete questionnaires successfully was limited. It was therefore decided that the best course of action was to select a qualitative approach, and to interview the pilots that met the selection criteria highlighted in the â€Å"Research Approach†section of this methodology. 3.Semi-structured Interviews Kumar (2011) defines an interview as â€Å"any person-to-person interaction, either face to face or otherwise, between two or more individuals with a specific purpose in mind†. Reasons for employing an interview to collect data a numerous. Depending on the topic discussed, it is possible to obtain in-depth information by probing; an interviewer can often add to data collected not only by verbal means, but also by non-verbal reactions displayed by the interviewee; and, because the interviewer can alter the order / wordings of the questions, it is less likely that the interviewee can misunderstand the question. The author chose to utilise a semi-structured type interview as a hybrid of the two extremes – unstructured and structured – as this would give the best of both worlds. Although a structured interview would i) establish a good base for the interviewee to explain exactly what the author felt was needed, ii) provide uniform information, in the form of the comparability of the data collected and iii) enable the interviewer to collect the data without having the necessary interview skills for an unstructured interview, this method was discarded as it was nearly impossible for the interviewer to probe new ideas formulated by the answers of the interviewee. For many of these reasons, also, the unstructured interview was, too, rejected. Referring to point iii), this existed as the main reason to not chose the unstructured type interview as this was the authors first attempt at an academic interview. Thus a semi-structured, or hybrid data collection model was developed: an element of flexibility was permitted to enable interviewees to include relevant information pertinent to the topic in discussion (Patton, 1990; Bernard, 1988). In this respect, the researcher would include an interview guide – as found in a structured interview. However, this was, as said, a guide: the interviewer and the interviewee were able to establish and discuss any points that came up in conversation, some of which were new to the interviewer or perhaps the interviewee. A predominately qualitative research approach was used throughout this study. In this respect, interviews were used as the data collection tool through which the current pilot perceptions of glass cockpits were identified. This method was selected because: It allowed flexibility to follow unexpected ideas during research and explore processes effectively;  It gave sensitivity to contextual factors; Also, the ability to study symbolic dimensions and social meaning;  increased opportunities: o to develop empirically supported new ideas and theories; o for in-depth and longitudinal explorations of leadership phenomena; and o for more relevance and interest for practitioners. -Bryman et al, 1988 Although it is arguable that a questionnaire would have suited this type of study, there were certain concerns with finding the multiple pilots needed to complete the surveys – particularly given the high security status post September 11th. 4 Research Sample Consideration into finding the most applicable people for inclusion in this study was needed to ensure that the author chooses the candidates with the required information to achieve the objectives set for the study (Kumar, 2011). This strategy is useful to assess the pilot perceptions of glass-cockpits as, although much researcher has been conducted into glass cockpits, very little has been done into the perceptions of pilots regarding them. The population of this study consisted of 5 interviewees. Purposive sampling was used to identify the particular pilots needed for interview, the selection criteria included: Have flown a glass cockpit within the previous 6 months Have flown an analogue cockpits previously Willing to participate in the interview 4.1 Rationale for selection criteria Firstly, by defining â€Å"previous 6 months†as recent, then we are able to understand that the interviewee must have recent experience in order to acknowledge the disadvantages and advantages of glass cockpits as experienced by them – the longer it has been since the stimuli, the less effects the subject will retain in memory. The rationale for selecting the second criterion was simple: although this study is an exploritive study into glass cockpits, the interviewees must have experience with the older fashioned analogue type cockpits in order to have a valuable opinion regarding their own perceptions. The final criteria suggests that every pilots participation is critical to this study – since the research involved potentially lengthy interviews, every interviewee would need to be willing to take the time to discuss the topic at hand (Chaffee, 1995). Advantages of performing interviews with an acquaintance are well documented by authors. Roger (1988) implies that social norms constrain strangers from interacting in a natural way and Coates (1996) adds that the presence of recording equipment, and peoples perceptions to it, is less obvious when dealing with a friend or group of friends – ultimately, by interviewing pilots whom were personally known the the researcher, it is possible to allow the interviewee to become more relaxed and less inclined to shy away from sensitive questions. After designing an interview, but before putting it into practice, there was a chance to try out my interview on a potential subject. This pilot study was a opportunity to develop the interview so that, in future interviews, any problems would be ironed out and questions could be arranged in an order that would suit a naturally flowing conversation. Hundley (2001) suggests that performing multiple pilot studies is advantageous to the researcher, however, due to time constraints only one pilot interview could be undertaken before it was necessary to move onto the actual interviews. That pilot study changed the order of questions within the interview, as well as a few question wordings to make it more logical and easier for the interviewees to understand. 4.2 Administration of the Research When beginning the interview stage of the project, a way of recording the conversations was necessary  this came in the form of a Dictaphone. This made the process of analysing results much simpler than having to take notes and understand them later. Of course, the participants were given full authority on whether or not they wanted the interview recorded – obviously it was competently explained to them that the interview was completely confidential via an interview confidentiality letter (appendix B). Where possible, the interviewees were given the questions via email (appendix C). The author decided to do this in the hopes that the interviewees would provide more concise and clearer answers. Arranging meetings with pilots was, at first thought, something of a given. However, the pilots whom the author thought were once suitable for interview declared that they had no prior, or very limited, experience with glass cockpits. It was up to me to find suitable alternatives. Luckily, the pilots who had no experience were able to refer me to their friends and colleagues who did have experience with glass cockpits – the author was able to arrange contact with them via email and telephone. Bennett (1994) discusses the options to improve the chances of the potential interviewees responding to my emails and calls. He states that, by explaining the following points, the interviewee will be more inclined to respond accordingly: Imparting the conviction that the investigation is a worthwhile piece of work and the investigator a competent person to carry it out; Explaining why the investigation seeks the co-operation of the persons or institutions being approached; Indicating the use to be made of the eventual research material.        Bennett (1994, p.174) 4.3  Research Setting Interviews were planned to take place face to face, at a place convenient to both the interviewer and the interviewee. A suitable quiet environment was to be used, in most cases this was arranged in advance – but some were very short notice so the choice of location was somewhat improvised. This is for the interviews that had taken place in person, but as discussed earlier email interviews had been arranged. Due to the nature of email, there was no way of enforcing the setting – so it was left up to the interviewee to chose a suitable place to respond. I was the interviewer in all bar the two email interviews, it was therefore my duty to maintain the correct track throughout as well as to ensure the interviewees were giving suitable responses to questions. Two of my potential interviewees had requested, due to time-zone differences, that they complete the interview via email – I was more than obliged to do so, so the interviews were sent to them along with appendix B (interview confidentiality letter). Unfortunately, there was no possible way of administrating the email respondents – other than reading through their answers and responding to them with any queries. Each face to face interview lasted between 10 and 20 minutes and were conducted between February and March 2011. The email interviews were between 1000 and 1500 word long and were sent out during the beginning days of March for a expectant reply by the end of March. Other than the emails, no names were used during the interviews – this left the researcher an option to code the names for the data analysis: Email interview 1, Interview 1 etc It was essential for the researcher to transcribe the interviews as soon as practicably possible as too not forget any non-verbal communications made, as discussed earlier. It is also for this reason that the researcher did not complete any more than one interview per day, or per transcribe. i.e. the researcher would only move onto another interview when the previous one was transcribed completely.  To avoid recall error as defined by Kumar (2011): â€Å"error that can be introduced in a response because of a respondents inability to recall correctly its various aspects when replying†when possible, and if time permitted, interviewees were given the opportunity to examine the interview transcripts for conformation and approval.  5. Research Analysis Kumars(2011) four step research analysis was adopted to efficiently summarise and analyse the data collected. The steps were identification of the main themes; assignment of codes for the main themes; responses to the main themes and; integration of themes and responses into the text. The first step involved carefully reading through the interviews collected by each interviewee, understanding the meaning that they communicate (the use of language to express themselves) and categorising the discovered broad themes. The second step uses coding to identify the amount of times, or how frequently, a certain phrase or wording has occurred and pursuing the more specific themes from these. Step 3 analyses the interview scripts collected and assigns certain responses and phrases under the themes chosen in step 2. Finally, the fourth step uses the responses that fall within different themes collected in step 3 and integrates them into the text of the dissertation. Blaxter et al (2006) suggested that most research could be affected by opinions, beliefs and motivations of those involved – it was essential for the undergoing researcher to remember this throughout this study because it had the possibility to bias results by means of altering the questions asked to accommodate preconceptions known by the researcher. 6. Concluding Points To summarise, this chapter has covered the beneficial aspects and disadvantages of qualitative research, semi-structured interviews and data analysis; how purposive sampling was engaged as a way of implementing assurance that interviewees could offer their perceptions of glass cockpits; and the various limitations imposed onto the researcher, interviewees and ultimately, the study itself.
Sunday, October 20, 2019
decriminal lization of marijua essays
decriminal lization of marijua essays Marijuana is one of the most famous and wildly used drugs in the world. People from all walks of life use marijuana regardless of age, creed or color. Marijuana is seen by some as a very "bad" drug but by most people as a harmless weed that makes you fell good. If legalized marijuana has many uses in medical case's to ease the pain of chemo therapy in cancer patients and the symptoms of HIV victims. Also marijuana would be of great economical value to the US government, by applying tax to the substance, the profits from cultivation and freeing law enforcement funds from more Cannabis Sativa also know as Marijuana is derived from the buds of the Indian hemp plant. There are three known types of Cannabis; Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Rudderalis. Marijuana was first used in China in the 2nd century B.C., and was used in China as an anesthetic 5,000 years ago. The ancient Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, and East Indians used the drug to control muscle spasms, reduce pain, and to treat indigestion (history). Marijuana was also farmed in Jamestown Virginia by the settlers for its fibers which were used to make rope and sacks. The next time that America herd of Marijuana was in the early 1930's. It was brought back to light by Harry J. Anslinger, who was the commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Anslinger was sited or saying that Marijuana was only used by Mexicans and Blacks and made them very violent criminals, and if parents did not wont their sons to murders and rapist they keep them away from the weed (Grass). At this point he lied to the government saying the effects of the drug had been researched and the subsequent information was true. In truth there was all the research that had been done and all statements were biased. This led him to rush the passing of the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. The Tax Act did not make the use or possession illegal as long...
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Literature review on Consumer Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Literature review on Consumer Choice - Essay Example The aim is to explore additional alternatives or wait. Whether mundane or not, these choices describe and shape lives. The author asks hard questions on how to choose. The author researches on whether the desire is inborn or developed. According to this literature review, the decisions we make have enormous consequences. According to B. Schwartz, too many choices end up confusing consumers. This also makes them feel have no satisfaction. Consumers have the ability to make little to choose when they have too many choices. Many choices are likely to add the quality of decisions Professor R. Iyengars research investigates how consumers respond to non-linear pricing programs. He looks at how quality of services affects the ability of a consumer to make decisions. He found that both quality and quantity matter when it comes to decision making. Most first service encounters look for quality. They are, therefore, critical. Too many choices become a problem to the consumer. Currently, people think many choices lead to quality choices. Many choices give a satisfaction to consumers and how the marginal utility affects consumer choices. Human desires are infinite and hard to manage according to this source. Confusing and overwhelming amounts of information could have a negative impact on the ability of consumers to purchase. Limited choices cause consumers to feel dissatisfied with the choices they make. Choice overload has the potential of causing consumers to choose choices they cannot handle. Manufacturers are considering streamlining the number of options they present to consumers The degree of difficulty of picking the best option from many options influences consumer purchase deferral. It is clear that consumer purchases are the outcome of two decisions i.e. to buy or not to buy. This is coupled with a selection decision. Consumer equilibrium is achieved when consumer purchases the combination that the highest
Friday, October 18, 2019
Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Ethic - Essay Example For instance, space can create racism through residential and school isolation, discriminative policies on taxation and transport, bigotry mortgage and cover redlining and biased relocation of environmental facilities and noxious hazards. The relationship between race and space is real because human beings do not exist in a vacuum. Human beings exist in space so do racism. The white identity in the US is place and space bound. It exists due to segregation of neighborhoods and schools. This practice distort down the opportunities along racial prejudice. The practices represent space racism and spatial race, consequently learning and legitimization of whiteness is perceived as natural and unavoidable. The whites enjoy access to privileged opportunities for social enclosure and vertical mobility (George, 28). This trend imposes discriminative and unjust forms of mistreatment and segregation on less advantaged communities based on color. Racialized space defines all facets of urban life. This study evidences that, the dynamics of understanding race and racism are directly correlated to the racialized space and spatialized race (Caroline and Pedersen, 186). The racial thoughts, which consign people from diverse races and backgrounds to diverse spaces creates unequal access to employment opportunities, education, transportation service and shelter. Conversely this space exposes the less advantages races to environmental vulnerability and other numerous social nuisances. On the other hand, the whites, who are more advantaged benefit from accessing superior social facilities, economic chances and fundamental individual connections (George, 32). This occurs on the understanding that, lived experience occurs in actual spaces while the lived experience of place is determinately and logically defined from both explicit and clandestine knowledge of race. However, this study reveals that the purported benefits attributed to the whites from the spatial links, damages the long term interests. On the other hand, the marginalized races such as Africans create ways of imagining and continuing a more decent and dignified social associations for each one (Caroline and Pedersen, 189). The racialized space imagination that often used by the whites to prejudice other races especially the Africans should be lowly regarded because diverse races inhabit different places by chance and not by choice (George, 54). For instance, when considering the outcomes of race and racism on housing and lending, and other injustices, makes places synonymous with races. The American whiteness is one of the most steadily subsidized identities in the globe, ensuing from the racial implication of places. This identity enables the whites to acquire and own homes, which adds value and create wealthy that is passed down to other successive generations. On the other hand, the racially discriminated group confronts a falsely constricted housing market, which compels them to live in rented houses forever due to inaccessibility to home owner’s tax code subsidies. Conversely, the segregation based on schools purposes to direct the children from less advantaged races into poorly equipped schools with inexperienced tutors (George, 62). On the other hand, the children of the whites enjoy well verse education system in well equipped schools
Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2
Analysis - Case Study Example , they have not managed to make significant inroads into the rapidly expanding Indian economy which despite being Asian and sharing a common border with them practiced a different culture. In recognition of this scenario, Haier launched in India in 2004 and appointed Banerjee T. K., an Indian National as its president for the country’s operations. They adopted the three-in-one strategy that had been successfully adopted in other global markets like America and Europe. The first step of the strategy involved exportation with no fixed distributor. The second step introduced a centralized distributor. The third step saw the company set up a manufacturing plant in the country. Their market analysis determined that for Haier to break into the top three home appliances brands in India the company had to adopt a localization strategy and an aggressive marketing campaign. They adopted this measures but despite their efforts the company only managed a 7.7 percent turnover increase within India in the 5 years of Banerjee’s presidency. With respect to the situation and the fact that the Indian investment was not paying off Erick Braganza was appointed as president in 2009. The company’s human resource underwent an overhaul, operations streamlined and a new marketing strategy adopted. In response to this measures the company experienced a period of growth and increase in turnover, though the sustainability of this growth was questioned. Determining the sustainability of Haier’s growth in India necessitates a market and situational analysis. A situational analysis of Haier’s position in India shows that they; had a bad reputation as low quality electronics imitators whose only advantage was low product prices; cultural differences, most of India’s population residing in rural areas meant that there was a cultural clash between the Chinese owned company and rural Indian market; high Indian government imposed tariffs on foreign owned business establishments that
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Memorandum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Memorandum - Research Paper Example Companies throughout U.S are found to be very somber about this matter, as the principle of â€Å"the customer is always right†has tremendous magnitude. Right through from the different companies that represent combined GDP of the country; from large scale business to small, most of the structures run under certain elements. They are more than just a humble handshake or an enthusiastic welcome; the norms are important to be followed from the start to the execution of the final deal (Martin and Lillian 49). Business in the United States is discussed in different styles. The social custom of the entire country encourages semi formal representation and to the point talk. Businessmen from small scale to large scale usually meet up at restaurants or cafà ©s to discuss business. Offices are usually directly related to work at the final business ventures but building the confidence requires humble and semi formal approach. It is very socially acceptable and widely practiced. Sending gifts to the business clients is not highly encouraged as and is only limited to very few companies. Only a ‘Thank You’ note is considered to do the job better as it is not costly and are positively perceived (Cavusgil, Ghauri and Ackol 75). While socially influencing the level of eye contact is very important, as the gain confidence of the business party, it is vital to create the sense of understanding and commitment through one’s body language. Business cards are usually exchanged for being in touch, the appropriate time for that is by the end of the conversation or the meeting. It is always important to smile and be confident, the tone of the speaker has to be motivating enough to get the other party interested. Finding humor in business is suggested but is usually not recommended depending on the nature of the work (Shaw 60). Business in
Protest Against Slavery In New England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Protest Against Slavery In New England - Essay Example If one man raises his voice, then others will follow and this can create a strong protest against slavery which can bring freedom to people chained to injustice. The quote further asserts that struggle has mighty power and fight against slavery is an inevitable want and people must in some way protest against this. Without fighting there is no way out to come out of slavery. The people who practice slavery must be made realize the ill effects of this practice and should also be made understood the value of freedom and human rights. This quote is very useful one as it awakens the dull mind of people of New England and States as people are remaining ignorant and unaware of the injustice happening in their country. The quote is in many ways alerting the common men that fighting is not an easy action and can have many negative consequences. This quote is a warning and precautionary message to the people about what they should anticipate. People here are not only awakened but also are giv en guidance towards the reaction of the protest. It is highly appreciable of the quote that it projects facts about the real scenario of a fight against slavery. Slavery is indeed an evil which eats into the infrastructure of a society. Slavery upholds racism, disrespect, and cruelty in a society. So as the quote suggests it is highly necessary to fight against slavery. The quote claims that if people rise to fight against the slavery, then the union of the country may break up and this should not be the concern of the people.
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Memorandum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Memorandum - Research Paper Example Companies throughout U.S are found to be very somber about this matter, as the principle of â€Å"the customer is always right†has tremendous magnitude. Right through from the different companies that represent combined GDP of the country; from large scale business to small, most of the structures run under certain elements. They are more than just a humble handshake or an enthusiastic welcome; the norms are important to be followed from the start to the execution of the final deal (Martin and Lillian 49). Business in the United States is discussed in different styles. The social custom of the entire country encourages semi formal representation and to the point talk. Businessmen from small scale to large scale usually meet up at restaurants or cafà ©s to discuss business. Offices are usually directly related to work at the final business ventures but building the confidence requires humble and semi formal approach. It is very socially acceptable and widely practiced. Sending gifts to the business clients is not highly encouraged as and is only limited to very few companies. Only a ‘Thank You’ note is considered to do the job better as it is not costly and are positively perceived (Cavusgil, Ghauri and Ackol 75). While socially influencing the level of eye contact is very important, as the gain confidence of the business party, it is vital to create the sense of understanding and commitment through one’s body language. Business cards are usually exchanged for being in touch, the appropriate time for that is by the end of the conversation or the meeting. It is always important to smile and be confident, the tone of the speaker has to be motivating enough to get the other party interested. Finding humor in business is suggested but is usually not recommended depending on the nature of the work (Shaw 60). Business in
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
An implantable cardiac pacemaker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
An implantable cardiac pacemaker - Essay Example The straining of the heart causes further damage to the heart muscles and this may eventually lead to complete wearing out of the heart. It is imperative to note that this condition is serious medical problem that may be caused by diseases that cause damage to the heart such as coronary heart disease and high blood pressure. The cardiac pacemaker is a device that can be used to treat heart failure by assisting the heart to perform its function of pumping blood to the body (Forde & Pat, p. 1263). The device is placed in the chest of the person who has the problem of heart failure and it delivers controlled and systematic electric stimulus to maintain normal heartbeat. Notably, the cardiac pacemaker monitors the hear beat of a person ensures that the heart rate is normal. This device plays a vital role of ensuring that the affected person does not succumb to heart failure by ensuring that the heart pumps blood at the desired rate. For instance, if the heart begins to slow down in its p umping process, the cardiac pacemaker sends an electric stimulus to the heart to initiate normal pumping. Once the heart regains the desired pumping rate, the cardiac pacemaker takes a back seat and continues monitoring the heart rate for any anomalies. According to (Beck et al 812), approximately a third of the people with heart failures have problems with the transmission of electrical impulses to the ventricles of the heart. This means that the cardiac pacemaker can help to deliver the required electrical stimulus in order to synchronize the pumping of blood by both the ventricles of the heart in the appropriate manner. Cardiac pacemaker devices are important especially for people who experience moderate and occasional severe heart failures. This device can help to avert the dangers associated with abnormal pumping of blood by the heart and thus save millions of lives. Also, people with persistent heart failures despite taking the requisite medications can use cardiac pacemakers. In such cases, the cardiac pacemaker can be implanted permanently on the chest of the affected person whereby it manages the heart failure condition by monitoring the heart rate and intervening whenever necessary (Bazaka & Mohan, p. 14). This device also has therapeutic functions for people who have weak heart muscles that cannot function normally. The first ever electronic device to be implanted into a human body was the cardiac pacemaker. In 1958, the first cardiac pacemaker designed and produced by Dr. Rune Elmqvist was implanted on a patient who was suffering from severe Gerbezius-Adam’s-Stokes attacks (Beck et al 811, Haddad et al., p. 40). This pioneering device was powered by rechargeable batteries and it only had one silicon transistor. Notably, the first cardiac pacemaker worked only for a few hours before it had to be replaced by a second similar device. Before the implanted cardiac device was designed, early scientists had produced an external pacemaker which work ed successfully in the provision of temporary cardiac therapy. The external pacemaker was a cumbersome and heavy device which could not be easily carried around by the patients (Haddad et al., p. 42). Advances in biomedical engineering and the discovery of silicon transistors made it possible for scientists to produce a lighter and portable pacemaker. According to Bazaka and Mohan, these pacemakers were externally carried by the
A tale of two airlines case Essay Example for Free
A tale of two airlines case Essay As Professor Roger McPherson’s wait to go through the security process a second time dragged on into its third hour on this Spring day in 2002, (all passengers had to be rescreened upon the discovery that one of the airport screening machines was unplugged) he was reminded of another delayed business trip and the role that information technology played in the story. At 5:30pm on February 15, 1995, 200 feet off the ground, Professor Roger McPherson gazed anxiously through the fog as his airplane moved to touch down at Hartsfield Airport in Atlanta, more than 1 hour and 15 minutes late. He had 30 minutes to catch his 6:00pm flight to London, where he would be meeting with the executive leadership of a major British power company to discuss their information strategy. He felt fortunate, however, to be flying this carrier, which had a reputation for outstanding service. He was even more comfortable because he had a full-fare first-class ticket and was a Gold Card member. Professor McPherson was always uneasy about the large premium charged for full, first-class tickets, but knew that in a crunch it often meant the difference between a making a connection and missing one. He well remembered a decade ago flying this airline from Milan to London to connect to a flight to New York. Bad weather then had also reduced his 1-hour-and-30-minute connect time to 10 minutes. A discussion of the problem with the first-class cabin attendant had resulted in a phone call from the pilot to London (the airlines hub city), and a car to whisk him and one other passenger to the New York flight, which took off only one minute late. That extraordinary service had made Professor McPherson a 10-year devotee of the airline. In the network age, he knew it would be different and he was secure. The airline flying to London would have identified him off their computer as a close-connecting passenger. It would have noted he checked no bags through, and it would be anxious to capture his $2,500 fareâ€â€about 10 times that of the average passengerâ€â€on an only moderately loaded flight. As his plane pulled into the gate at 5:40pm, he knew it would be tight but he would make it, particularly given the fact that all planes were coming in late. Moving his 57-year-old frame into a dim recollection of a high school 400-meter specialist, he set off. Two escalator rides and one train ride later, the gate came into sight and he braked to a halt at 5:53pm. It was close, but he had done it. Looking through the airport window, however, he was stunned to see the air bridge detached from the plane with splendid teutonic efficiency 7 minutes early. The door to the bridge was closed, no agent was in sight, and he was reduced to waving his bags through the window to the pilot 20 yards away (it had, after all, worked once in a similar situation on Continental Airlines). Alas, by 5:58pm the plane was pushed back, and the agents emerged and quite cheerfully (and unregretfully; they had no clue who he was) booked him onto another airline that would leave 1 hour and 45 minutes later. He would be 30 minutes late for his meeting in London, but the executives would understand. Distinctly irritated, he straggled off to the new airline’s first class lounge to begin a frantic series of phone calls and faxes to the United Kingdom. As he trudged through the airport, McPherson began to see the beginning of a lecture on service in the network economy and the fact that technology is only a small enabling piece of a total service concept. At 7:50pm, comfortably seated in the first-class cabin of his new carrier, McPherson jerked to attention as the captain came on to announce that because of a leak in the hydraulic system, there would be an aircraft change and a two-and-one-half-hour delay. Sprinting off the plane, McPherson realized that the meeting with the power company executives, planned three months ago, would be over before he got there. The following day he was due in Frankfurt to give the keynote address at a major information systems conference. Flying to the United Kingdom to connect to Frankfurt would be a hassle and unnecessary since the purpose of stopping in the United Kingdom was now totally negated. Glancing up at the departure board, McPherson was surprised to see a 7:55pm boarding departure for a plane to Frankfurt, nine gates away. Pulling into the gate at 8:02pm, he discovered several things: 1. The plane was at the gate, and with commendable dispatch the gate agent relieved him of his London boarding pass and his London-to-Frankfurt ticket and hustled him onto the plane minutes before the door closed. 2. The cabin attendant, giving him his favorite drink, explained that because of favorable tail winds across the Atlantic and the fact that eight passengers (plus now McPherson and one other) had very tight connections, they had decided to hold the plane for 15 minutes to get the extra passengers and still arrive on schedule. The note of pride in the cabin attendants voice was evident. One-and-a-half hours later, appropriately wined and dined, McPherson drifted off to sleep, reflecting on what a remarkable case study had played out in front of him in the previous two hours. Information technology, operations strategy, management control, an empowered (also unempowered) work force, and service management had been interwoven into a tableau. A revised format for his speech in Frankfurt began to emerge. Best of all, he would not have to go through a case release process because it had all happened to him.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Ethnomusicology: Developments of MÄÂori Music
Ethnomusicology: Developments of MÄ ori Music Music in Context A: Ethnomusicology Discuss some of the more recent social, cultural and technological developments that have informed studies in ethnomusicology Introduction For this essay I will be focusing on the MÄ ori people of New Zealand, and looking at the changes and developments in both their traditional music and that of their modern popular culture, much of which is adopted from American and European sources. I will include the work of several ethnomusicologists who have experience in the areas of MÄ ori music, modern New Zealand popular culture, and American rap music and its sphere of influence. The MÄ ori people Have had their own traditional songs since they first inhabited New Zealand. However, there have been changes to the cultural situation of the music and how it is received by both the white public and MÄ ori youth. In this essay I will focus on three points, the transcendence of MÄ ori traditional music, the changes made as a reaction to this and the influence of other modern genres and styles, specifically American rap, to discuss these changes and how they have informed ethnomusicology either positively or negatively. In doing so I hope to show that a vibrant musical continuum is working in New Zealand youth culture, informed by both their traditions and outside influences, and yet is making original new music because of this. Song loss and researching traditional music The MÄ ori have inhabited New Zealand since the 14th century when they arrived from other Pacific islands seeking new lands to migrate to and cultivate. It is hard for an ethnomusicologist to find or have found any songs surviving from the earliest parts of MÄ ori history, for several reasons. Firstly, as many MÄ ori songs are to do with traditions and practices, when those traditions or practices become obsolete or go out of use, then the songs will be lost with them.For example, when canoes started to be replaced with sail ships, all songs about canoeing were either lost, or modified to talk about sail ships instead. Secondly, because of superstitious beliefs, many songs have restricted performances, where only certain members of the tribe or community are allowed to attend and listen or join in. This also limits the number of MÄ ori who will learn theses songs, as they are taught purely by oral tradition. The teaching itself is a point of interest, as traditionally the folk songs of MÄ ori are taught in a very strict sense,as they are not meant to change organically or be re-interpreted, apart from if the community as a whole learns a new version in line with a new meaning, as with the canoe/sail ship example above. In most cases, the songs will be passed down through generations, preserved as accurately as possible, which would in fact make it easy for an ethnomusicologist to discover these antiques of folk song. However, these traditions were cut abruptly short by the intervention of European missionaries. The missionaries were accepted to a degree by MÄ ori curiosity, and arrived decades before the treaty of Waitangi in 1840,which signified the taking of New Zealand by the English under queen Victoria and the official surrender of the MÄ ori as a people (though conflict did continue for years). These missionaries took it upon themselves to educate the seemingly primitive MÄ ori tribes in every aspect of Christian and European ideals. This included their music, as the Europeans found their traditional folk chants ‘idolatrous, ‘indecent and even ‘lascivious.The missionaries set about their task quickly, so much so that by 1830, a letter sent from a missionary to his brother-in-law at home in England read; Quietness and good order has succeeded to their native wildness; we never hear anything of their songs or dances. In place of their traditional music, the missionaries taught them hymns and church music. In doing so, they also taught the rudiments of western music theory, which they encouraged the MÄ ori to adopt as their new musical language. This meant that many new MÄ ori songs were created, using traditional words and stories, but with diatonic harmonies that made them listenable and distinguishable to a European ear.Though this was widely acknowledged and followed through to the MÄ oris own teaching, some traditional songs were kept hidden and secreted in both MÄ ori text collections and those of curious westerners. One such was John McGregor, a guard of captured MÄ ori warriors held in a beached hulk at Auckland harbour. John ‘collected and later published a large number of songs written down by the captives.He could be said to have been one of the first to research and record MÄ ori traditional music, yet this white interest in the music did not start to reappear until t he twentieth century. This change occurred on a grand scale over the next century, and to this day MÄ ori music is seen as synonymous with hymns and European-based melodies. This view has been widely held by the white general public for all of the twentieth century, though many MÄ ori know it not to be entirely accurate. Ethnomusicologist Mervyn Mclean stated that among the public at large, however, such songs are a mostly hidden tradition.A revival of the MÄ ori culture began in the 1960s, dubbed the MÄ ori renaissance,and with it came both the technology and the motivation to record and preserve the traditional songs that were left among the populace. This made the job of collecting and studying MÄ ori music a lot easier for ethnomusicologists, as up until this utilisation of new recording technology, they had been hard pressed to source singers and songs out. Mclean mentions that ‘preparations for fieldwork took an inordinate amount of timein the late 1950s, and mentions that without th e huge advantage of meeting several willing MÄ ori Elders I would not have had the resources to survive in the field. Changes and modern learning The traditional MÄ ori song forms, as well as being non-diatonic as previously stated, were in fact completely incompatible with western tonal language. Though the melodies sung could be transcribed into musical notation, they were not in a fixed time signature or particular key as we would understand it. The lack of harmonic movement mystified witnesses to performances in the nineteenth century, as the MÄ ori music relied more on repetition, both rhythmic and harmonic, and different performance approaches by different singers, for the colour and variety in their music.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Free Affirmative Action Essays - Affirmative Action is Against the Bibl
Affirmative Action is Against the Bible America was known as the Land of Opportunity. Then it became evident that "opportunity" was only available to white men. Later, laws were passed to ensure equal opportunity regardless of race, sex, or religion. These Affirmative Action laws were set in place by our government with the intent of correcting the social evil know as prejudice; but in doing so, they created a monster. Affirmative action has become an ineffective, outdated, and socially harmful policy that is weakening our great nation. "The adoption of Affirmative Action programs in the 1960s reflected our national aspiration to overcome long-entrenched injustices and become a society where equal opportunity, or at least a fair opportunity, was a reality for more of our citizens. These programs were a response to economic, political and cultural circumstances that demanded, then encouraged, and then tolerated widespread discrimination on the basis of such factors as color, gender and ethnic background. The common hope was that these programs would be transitory in nature and would enable us as a society to reach a point, at some future date, when they would no longer be needed" (Shapiro). It is my opinion that we have now reached that date. Continued use of the policy is much like continued use of a strong medication. When a patient is suffering from a terrible disease, as was the United States suffering from discrimination, strong medication is sometimes needed to cure the problem. But once the disease is taken care of, further use of the medication does not help... ...e right course of action. This is an ideal that has always been true, but is quite often broken, resulting is negative effects and more problems. A course of action that is morally wrong, ethically wrong, and economically wrong, is not the correct way, but an easier way. Often, the correct way is more difficult and requires more work, but nevertheless, it is the correct way. Two wrongs do not make a right, but they do make more problems and prolong an actual resolution to the problem. Works Cited Shapiro, Harold. "Affirmative Action: A continuing discussion / A continuing commitment" Internet Source. Available at: http://humanitas.ucsb.edu/projects/aa/docs/shapiro.html Websters Dictionary Harbor House Publishers Inc. Baltimore. 1984
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